A gripping narrative history of one of the most complex and important conflicts in the world--the battle to
dominate the Middle East regional order, from 2003 to the present
When President George W. Bush took office in January 2001, America's influence in the Middle East was
relatively strong, and adversarial states were largely marginalized and contained. The September 11 attacks
upended all of this and prompted the Bush administration's bold plan to remake the Middle East through a
war in Iraq. By bringing liberal democracy to Iraq, Bush hoped that the country would be a springboard for the
spread of democracy to neighboring authoritarian states. Yet the vast disruption that the war caused created an
opportunity for Iran to advance its own opposing ambitions. Iran strove to turn the Middle East into a bastion of
resistance to Western hegemony and bring Israel to heel. The resulting clash over the future regional order not
only intensified the Iraq war, it reverberated in states across the region. With the Arab Spring and the outbreak
of new conflicts, the US-Iranian showdown became entwined in a much more complex struggle, one which
drew in other regional and foreign powers that all pursued differing agendas. Emerging from the chaos was an
empowered Iran and an unsettled regional paradigm in which the nominally pro-Western states of the region
had begun to recalibrate their relations with Washington even as they welcomed deeper roles for its key rivals:
Russia and China.
In Wars of Ambition, Afshon Ostovar explores the evolution of the long and metastasizing conflict as it unfolded
over a span of more than two decades. Not just a sweeping account of the dynamic interaction between
America's Middle East policies and ambitious regional states on the receiving end, it also provides a powerful
analysis of conflicting visions of the future that transcend regional politics. With Iran's rise and its revisionist
campaign running in concert with those of Russia and China, the contest for the Middle East has become a
microcosm of a larger geopolitical battle between those aiming to preserve the American-led global order and
those seeking to overturn it. Ostovar's vivid history of this enormously complex conflict shows how the battle
for the Middle East reflects the politics and dividing lines of an emergent multipolar world.
